MicroStrategy (MSTR -3.24%) has become one of the most valuable stocks on the Nasdaq by pursuing a simple strategy: buying Bitcoin (BTC -1.46%).
The stock has soared alongside Bitcoin's gains this year, which have come with the broader bull market, the launch of spot Bitcoin exchange-traded funds (ETFs), and optimism that a new Trump administration will adopt crypto-friendly policies. As you can see from the chart below, both MicroStrategy and the cryptocurrency have surged this year.
MicroStrategy is unique on the stock market because it essentially acts like a leveraged Bitcoin ETF. Chief Executive Officer Michael Saylor, one of the biggest evangelists for the digital coin, began buying it for his company in 2020, and it held 252,220 bitcoins as of the end of the third quarter.
However, one well-known short-seller is now saying MicroStrategy is overvalued and that its model is unsustainable. Andrew Left of Citron Research posted his thesis on X, saying that while his company was bullish on MicroStrategy in 2020 as a way to invest in Bitcoin, it had now reversed its position.
Citron said that with Bitcoin ETFs and trading platforms like Coinbase Global and Robinhood Markets, MicroStrategy's value has completely detached from the crypto's performance. Citron noted that it was still bullish on Bitcoin but was hedging that bet with a short position in MicroStrategy.
The company's stock plunged 16% last Thursday when Citron published its short report.
The bear case for MicroStrategy
Left is correct that MicroStrategy's fundamentals have become detached from Bitcoin's value. It does have a small software business, but it's basically negligible as far as its valuation is concerned -- its market cap was $94.8 billion as of Nov. 22. It now identifies itself as a Bitcoin treasury company.
But its Bitcoin holdings don't justify that valuation, either, because based on its market cap and those holdings, the company is valued at $375,864 per token, which is nearly four times the price of the cryptocurrency -- $98,807 -- at the time of writing. The value of the Bitcoin held on its balance sheet is now $22.4 billion.
Currently, MicroStrategy is sitting on a gain of $49,441 per Bitcoin, with an average purchase price of $39,266. In total, it has gained $12.5 billion from its Bitcoin purchases.
The company also has $4.2 billion in long-term debt as it continues to borrow money and sell stock to buy the crypto.
Image source: Getty Images.
Why MicroStrategy is more volatile than Bitcoin
MicroStrategy trades like a leveraged Bitcoin ETF because the company is consistently increasing exposure to the crypto, which effectively makes it a outsized bet on Bitcoin going up. Holding Bitcoin directly or through an ETF doesn't allow you to do that, as the exposure is steady.
The valuation of the bitcoins held by MicroStrategy could be seen as a price target for the digital currency since it would need to reach that level for the company's share price to make sense.
And Saylor is borrowing money and diluting the stock to buy Bitcoin, which adds risk. If the price of Bitcoin collapses, MicroStrategy could become insolvent, though the crypto would have to fall sharply from its current price for that to happen.
If Bitcoin crashes, investors could also lose confidence in MicroStrategy and abandon the stock.
Should you sell MicroStrategy stock?
Left makes a good point about MicroStrategy, but that alone isn't going to make the stock go down. For it to fall significantly, Bitcoin will have to fall, too, and predicting the movements of the cryptocurrency is essentially impossible.
Bitcoin has risen recently thanks to the Trump administration's plans to embrace it, but it's also possible that the election and ensuing inauguration could be a buy-on-the-rumor/sell-on-the-news moment, leading to a pullback in the digital token.
Bitcoin is a high-risk asset that mostly trades on vibes, and it has no fundamentals. In many ways, that makes the cryptocurrency the ideal asset to create a bubble since it can theoretically be pumped forever. There's no real basis to claim it's overvalued or undervalued.
Whether selling MicroStrategy stock is the right decision will depend on what happens with Bitcoin. If you're bullish on Bitcoin, holding some MicroStrategy makes sense since it is likely to outperform Bitcoin if the price of the cryptocurrency continues to go up.
However, if Bitcoin starts to head south, MicroStrategy investors should be prepared for the stock to crash.
