ROE = (net income / revenue) * (revenue / total assets) * (total assets / shareholders' equity)
Another way to put this is:
ROE = Net profit margin * asset turnover ratio * financial leverage ratio
So, if:
Net income = $20 billion
Revenue = $700 billion
Assets = $250 billion
Shareholders' equity = $100 billion
ROE = ($20 billion / $700 billion) * ($700 billion / $250 billion) * ($250 billion / $100 billion)
ROE = (0.0285) * (2.8) * (2.5)
ROE = 0.1995 or 19.95%
But since the net profit margin = 0.0285 (or 2.85%), the asset turnover ratio = 2.8, and the financial leverage ratio = 2.5, we can also compare these figures to other years to see what's improved or worsened. For example, if net profit margin had decreased year over year in this analysis, that would certainly be a red flag to pay attention to, even if the asset turnover ratio had also decreased.
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